(1993). The series Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science is designed to illuminate a field which not only includes general linguistics and the study of linguistics as applied to specific languages, but also covers those more recent areas which have developed from the increasing body of research into the manifold forms of communicative action and interaction. Source – COBRA Portal. Tumor incidence (defined as percent of animals with more than one tumor) in w.t./ras+ and K5-GR/ras+ groups was analysed using a χ2 test for independent proportions. Photo Credit: Parker Seibold, The Gazette. Carcinogenesis, 13, 525–531. Sylvea Klann. Morris RJ . Dynamic expression of tRNA-derived small RNAs define cellular states. Using skin-specific GR transgenic animals, we have provided evidence of the tumor-suppressor role of GR in skin carcinogenesis. Cell Death Differ., 9, 6–19. J. Biol. Implications of the null mutation for synapsin phosphorylation, longevity, climbing, and behavioural plasticity in adult . Barkett M and Gilmore TD . The template and primers were a kind gift from Dr R Cannon (NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA). Finco TS, Westwick JK, Norris JL, Beg AA, Der CJ and Baldwin Jr AS . Roentgen 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, AMC Cancer Research Center, 1600 Pierce Street, Denver, 80214, CO, USA, Irina V Budunova, Dariusz Kowalczyk, Ya Juan Yao & Thomas J Slaga, Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia, CSIC, Valencia, E-46010, Spain, Project on Cell and Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, CIEMAT, Madrid, E-28040, Spain, You can also search for this author in Functional analysis of the biochemical activity of mammalian phosphatidylinositol 5 phosphate 4-kinase enzymes. Cell Biol., 17, 3181–3193. DiGiovanni J, Imamoto A, Naito M, Walker SE, Beltran L, Chenicek KJ and Skow L . It is known that glucocorticoids inhibit proliferation in several different cell types including normal keratinocytes in vivo and in vitro. Data enabled prediction analysis assigns folate/biopterin transporter (BT1) family to 36 hypothetical membrane proteins in Leishmania donovani. Samuelsson MK, Pazirandeh A, Davani B and Okret S . 469-485-6696 Graziella Warnken. Phosphorylation of Nephrin induces phase separated domains that move through actomyosin contraction. (1977). (a) BrdU immunostaining. Expression of v-Ha-ras transgene in tumors and surrounding skin from K5-GR/ras+ and w.t./ras+ animals. J. Biol. GR immunostaining in papillomas at 15 week of TPA treatment (× 250). Biol., 20, 4328–4339. (2001). Mass Spectrometric Quantification of Arousal Associated Neurochemical Changes in Single Honey Bee Brains and Brain Regions. Surprisingly, we have not revealed changes in the level of p21, p27 and cyclin D1 in K5-GR/ras+ skin tumors. NMDAR mediated translation at the synapse is regulated by MOV10 and FMRP. DNA probes were labeled by random primed reactions (Rediprime™II, Amersham, Piscataway, NJ, USA) using the complete coding sequences of v-Ha-ras murine sarcoma virus oncogene (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) and murine Mt1 (kind gift from Dr R Lebovitz, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA) as templates. Jo H, Zhang R, Zhang H, McKinsey TA, Shao J, Beauchamp RD, Ballard DW and Liang P . EMSA was performed by incubating nuclear extracts from mouse skin tumors and surrounding skin with a labeled oligonucleotide corresponding to a palindromic κB site as previously described (Perez et al., 2000). Targeting redox heterogeneity to counteract drug tolerance in replicating . Park JH, Oh EJ, Choi YH, Kang CD, Kang HS, Kim DK, Kang KI and Yoo MA . (2001) Mol. 469-485-3082 Garett Leadingham. INDEX-db: The Indian Exome Reference Database (Phase I). Cancer Res., 49, 6693–6699. (a) Western blot analysis of GR expression. (2001). Genetic background is indicated. Rogatsky I, Hittelman AB, Pearce D and Garabedian MJ . (c) Expression of endogenous GR-responsive gene Mt1. Expression and activity of GR in tumors and surrounding skin from K5-GR/ras+ and w.t./ras+ animals. At hidden … GR overexpression in the epidermis dramatically inhibited skin tumor development. (1999). Surprisingly, in our experiments, we found only a modest increase in apoptosis in keratinocytes in the upper granular layer of K5-GR+/ras+ tumors in comparison with w.t./ras+ tumors. Carcinogen., 27, 272–279. Carcinogen., 20, 108–114. Landing maneuvers of houseflies on vertical and inverted surfaces. We revealed that there was 25% reduction in the number of hair follicles in dorsal skin of K5-GR/ras+ transgenics (data not shown). Honchel R, Rosenzweig BA, Thompson KL, Blanchard KT, Furst SM, Stoll RE and Sistare FD . (2001). Frost maintains forests and grasslands as alternate states in a montane tropical forest–grassland mosaic; but alien tree invasion and warming can disrupt this balance. Oncogene, 17, 303–311. Mol. This strongly suggests that GR is constitutively active in keratinocytes of K5-GR transgenics. J. Biol. Budunova, I., Kowalczyk, D., Pérez, P. et al. Bands were visualized using Amersham ECL Hyperfilm. Pharmacol. Polyclonal antibody against GR was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), polyclonal antibodies against keratin 1 and loricrin were from Covance Inc. (Princeton, NJ, USA). 497–509. Cannon RE, Spalding JW, Trempus CS, Szczesniak CJ, Virgil KM, Humble MC and Tennant RW . The incidence of papillomas in the shaved area was recorded weekly. dSTIM- and Ral/Exocyst-Mediated Synaptic Release from Pupal Dopaminergic Neurons Sustains Flight. (a) Southern blot analysis of methylation status of ζ-globin promoter of v-Ha-ras transgene. (1983). (1997). Pathol., 26, 548–555. Thus, we analysed whether GR affected the expression of p21 and p27 CDK inhibitors, as well as cyclin D1, which is usually overexpressed in skin papillomas (Robles and Conti, 1995). Carcinogenesis, 16, 781–786. Ther., 14, 211–219. Guttridge DC, Albanese C, Reuther JY, Pestell RG and, Baldwin Jr AS . Mayo MW, Norris JL and Baldwin AS . Chem., 274, 29976–29983. The file will be sent to your email address. Comparative Population Structure in Species of Bats Differing in Ecology and Morphology in the Andaman Islands, India. Membranes were stained with Ponceau S to verify equal protein loading and transfer. (a) Percent of animals with tumors. GR overexpression resulted in a decrease in keratinocyte proliferation combined with a modest increase in apoptosis and differentiation of keratinocytes in K5-GR/ras+ papillomas. (2000). Irina V Budunova. Archives. (1999). Adcock IM . Greenstein S, Ghias K, Krett NL and Rosen ST . skin papillomas (Figure 3a), which resulted in v-Ha-ras activation and equally strong expression in tumors of both genotypes as compared to surrounding skin (Figure 3b and c). Bangalore 560065, (1999). In addition, the papillomas in w.t./ras+ animals were eight to nine times larger. Environ. (1999). Chem., 272, 24113–24116. Since the results of three phases of tumor experiment were not statistically different, the data obtained in those experiments were combined. FGFR1-mediated protocadherin-15 loading mediates cargo specificity during intraflagellar transport in inner ear hair-cell kinocilia. Thus, for statistical tests of multiplicity at 15 weeks of treatment, we used last value carried forward (LVCF) for animals killed after week 10. Cancer Lett., 171, 1–10. (2001). (2001). Carcinogen., 21, 244–250. (1999). Functional Traits of Trees From Dry Deciduous “Forests” of Southern India Suggest Seasonal Drought and Fire Are Important Drivers. Mol. Tumor multiplicity data were assessed using Poisson's regression. To obtain Representative samples from the tissues of two different animals (one male, one female) are shown for each group. Thorington, Nikolas Environmental Engineering Technology (Diploma) Le-Nguyen, Dylan Ortilla, Jenelle Song, Yingren Greenspace Horticulture (Certificate) Tanasiciuk, Deon Aital Greenspace Horticulture (Diploma) Bouchard, Samara* Gold Medalist Daniels, Daphne Kelly* Enns, Kari* Gobert, Matthew Bailey Jones, Breanna Devereaux Laham, Angel Valerie Correspondence to Thompson KL, Rosenzweig BA and Sistare FD . However, the basal layer of keratinocytes in the tumors as well as in surrounding skin from K5-GR transgenic animals was disorganized (Figure 4 and data not shown), and many hair follicles in K5-GR skin surrounding tumors were dysplastic (data not shown). Cancer Res., 43, 3045–3049. J. Western blots containing whole-cell protein extracts (20 μg/lane) from mouse tissues were probed for the expression of NF-κB1 (p50), RelA (p65) and IκBα. The percent of female mice with more than one tumor was significantly greater in w.t./ras+ group only through week 10 of TPA treatment (91 versus 61% at 10 weeks of treatment). Genes Dev., 12, 2469–2474. As shown in Figure 4, GR overexpression resulted in a 30% inhibition of proliferation in tumors. The number of animals with papillomas in K5-GR/ras+ transgenics was significantly lower than in w.t./ras+ mice. Genetic background is indicated. Representative samples from the tissues of two different animals (one male, one female) are shown for each group. DNA was extracted from issues, digested with two restriction enzymes (methylation-sensitive MspI and methylation-insensitive HpaII) and used for Southern blot analysis. Carcinogen., 30, 99–110. (2001). Cell Biol., 19, 5036–5049. Active morphogenesis of epithelial monolayers. Carcinogen., 20, 99–107. National Centre for Biological Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India Phone: 91 80 23666001 / 02 / 18 / 19 Fax: 91 80 236 Mol. Mol. Mol. Cancer Res., 8, 1681–1694. (c) Western blot analysis of Ha-ras expression. Internet Explorer). Hemizygous female Tg.AC mice were purchased from Taconic Farms, Inc. (Germantown, NY, USA). Exploring the effects of sparse restraints on protein structure prediction. Mol. You can write a book review and share your experiences. CDK inhibitors p21 and p27, as well as cyclin D1 are well known targets for ras (Pruitt and Der, 2001; Takuwa and Takuwa, 2001). Identification and functional characterization of two novel mutations in KCNJ10 and PI4KB in SeSAME syndrome without electrolyte imbalance. Fluid flow modulates electrical activity in cardiac hERG potassium channels. 469-485-4953 Indigo Schuring. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Further, the induction of ras-signaling pathway by several growth factors and by tumor promoters such as TPA leads to NF-κB activation. Schwarz JA, Viaje A and Slaga TJ . However, while most of C57B1 × DBA mice do develop tumors in two-stage skin carcinogenesis protocol, the average number of tumors per animal was very low (DiGiovanni et al., 1992). Endocrinol., 11, 577–586. Change in dominance determines herbivore effects on plant biodiversity. (2002). Empowering conservation practice with efficient and economical genotyping from poor quality samples. Following hormone binding, GR dissociates from the complex and migrates as a homodimer to the nucleus, where it binds to glucocorticoid-response elements (GRE) in gene promoters (Beato et al., 1995). 469-485-3544 Leatrice Piscopo. (1997). Cancer Res., 58, 4314–4323. Isolation and molecular characterization of Dengue virus clinical isolates from pediatric patients in New Delhi. Pulm. Methods Enzymol., 333, 73–87. Phosphatidylinositol 5 Phosphate 4-Kinase Regulates Plasma-Membrane PIP Turnover and Insulin Signaling. Evolthon: A community endeavor to evolve lab evolution. Note that ζ-globin promoter was hypomethylated in both GR-positive and GR-negative papillomas, and hypermethylated in surrounding skin. Males of both genetic backgrounds appeared to be more resistant to the tumor development than females. The number of BrdU-positive keratinocytes was calculated as percentage of 500 basal cells counted per slide in five samples of tumors of each genotype. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles (2001). To prevent wound-related skin tumor development previously reported for Tg.AC mice (Cannon et al., 1997), males were housed individually during TPA treatment. (2016), Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (1996). DiGiovanni J, Kruszewski FH and Chenicek KJ . (1994). Filovirus-reactive antibodies in humans and bats in Northeast India imply zoonotic spillover. Invest. J. This suggests that inhibition of NF-κB occurs at the functional level but not through the regulation of NF-κB/IκB (inhibitory proteins of NF-κB) expression levels by activated GR. Whether you've loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are right for them. GR levels were significantly higher in K5-GR/ras+ tissues (Figure 2a). Effect of GR overexpression on keratinocyte apoptosis in mouse skin papillomas. The glucocorticoid hormones are potent inhibitors of epidermal proliferation and effective inhibitors of mouse skin tumorigenesis, especially during the promotion stage of carcinogenesis when applied to the skin together with different tumor promoters (Schwarz et al., 1977; Verma et al., 1983; Slaga, 1984; DiGiovanni et al., 1988). As shown in Figure 6, we found only a modest increase in the number of apoptotic keratinocytes in differentiated compartments of K5-GR/ras+ papillomas in comparison with w.t./ras+ papillomas. (1988). In addition, the papilloma volumes in w.t./ras+ littermates were eight to nine times larger than tumor volumes in K5-GR/ras+ double transgenic mice (P<0.001) (Figure 1c). To our surprise, GR overexpression did not alter the protein levels of cyclin D1, p21 and p27 (Figure 5). Robles AI and Conti CJ . Total RNA was isolated from tumors and surrounding skin ground in liquid nitrogen using TRI reagent (Molecular Research Center, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA). (1997). Consequently, we analysed the expression of intermediate (keratin 1) and intermediate/late (loricrin) markers of keratinocyte differentiation. The morphology of the epithelial component of the papillomas that developed in K5-GR/ras+ double transgenic mice was, in general, typical for these types of tumors. (1997). Hansen LA and Tennant RW . A novel mass assay to measure phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate from cells and tissues. Mol. To evaluate the function of GR in transgenic tissues, we examined the mRNA levels of the glucocorticoid-responsive gene metallothionein 1 (Mt1) (Budunova et al., 1997, Spiegelman et al., 1997). C57B1 × DBA mice appeared to be more sensitive to skin carcinogenesis than C57B1 mice (Naito et al., 1988; DiGiovanni et al., 1992). 469-485-4012 Flavel Schectman. Thus, to successfully test our hypothesis that GR plays a role of tumor-suppressor gene, we had to use a mouse model that develops numerous skin tumors. Thus, our data suggest that the antiproliferative effect of GR in keratinocytes may be mediated through other G1/S phase-related target molecules, such as CDK4, CDK6, CDK2, CyclinD3 or CyclinA, whose expression is regulated by glucocorticoids/GR in some other cell types (Rogatsky et al., 1997; Smith et al., 2000). Irina V Budunova and Dariusz Kowalczyk: These authors contributed equally to the work, Dariusz Kowalczyk: Department of Cell Biology, The Maria Sklodowska Memorial Cancer Center, W.K. Carcinogenesis, 9, 639–645. Northern blot containing total RNA (20 μg/lane) from w.t./ras+ and K5-GR/ras+ papillomas was probed for expression of Mt1. Oncogene (1999). We thank Dr R Cannon for his generous gift of reagents, technical support and valuable comments, Dr R Strange for his critical suggestions and P Wolfe for statistical analysis of data. (1998). Given that point mutations in mouse Ha-ras oncogene occur in 90% of skin tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene (DMBA) (Binder et al., 1998), introduction of v-Ha-ras transgene into genetically engineered mice is a widely used approach to study their susceptibility to skin carcinogenesis (Larcher et al., 1998; Robles et al., 1998; Smith et al., 1998). Carcinogenesis, 13, 2075–2080. Karnataka, India Int. Endocrinol., 13, 1811–1822. Chem-Biol. (1988). Fax: 91 80 23636662 Since GR mediates the effect of glucocorticoid hormones, our results are in line with previous findings that glucocorticoids are very potent inhibitors of skin tumor formation (Schwarz et al., 1977; Verma et al., 1983; Slaga, 1984; DiGiovanni et al., 1988). (a) Western blot analysis of NF-κB and IκBα expression in mouse papillomas. The level of proliferation was evaluated in papillomas at 15 weeks of TPA treatment by BrdU immunostaining (× 250). Predictability in the evolution of Orthopteran cardenolide insensitivity. Glucocorticoids regulate epidermal differentiation and could affect the expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers either directly or through interaction with other transcription factors (Ma et al., 1997; Radoja et al., 2000). Naito M, Chenicek KJ, Naito Y and DiGiovanni J . Moreover, TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis was significantly reduced when v-Ha-ras transgene was transferred to cyclin D1-deficient genetic background (Robles et al., 1998). The level of apoptosis was measured in papillomas of K5-GR/ras+ and w.t./ras+ animals at 15 weeks of TPA treatment by TUNEL immunostaining. First, the data were analysed for differences in the effect of sex as well as phase of tumor experiment. The dramatic reduction in tumor size strongly suggest that GR overexpression in transformed keratinocytes results in an altered balance between proliferation and differentiation (or apoptosis) in K5-GR/ras+ papillomas. PubMed Google Scholar. Phone: Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books you've read. It has been reported that Tg.AC mice do not express v-Ha-ras transgene in nontumor-bearing skin because of the hypermethylation of ζ-globin promoter (Cannon et al., 1998). The alternative mechanism may involve the transcriptional repression of κB-dependent cyclin D1 (Guttridge et al., 1999). Barrett JC (ed). Mol. Jehn BM and Osborne BA . Scheinman RI, Gualberto A, Jewell CM, Cidlowski JA and Baldwin AS . (1998). These results suggest that activation of v-Ha-ras transgene by TPA may be less effective in keratinocytes of K5-GR/ras+ mice. Representative samples from the tissues of two different animals (one male, one female) are shown for each group. Pruitt K and Der CJ . The series Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science is designed to illuminate a field which not only includes general linguistics and the study of linguistics as applied to specific languages, but also covers those more recent areas which have developed from the increasing body of research into the manifold forms of communicative action and interaction. Tracking Bacterial Chromosome Dynamics with Microfluidics-Based Live Cell Imaging. Distelhorst CW . FASEB J., 15, 2030–2032. FMRP Interacts with C/D Box snoRNA in the Nucleus and Regulates Ribosomal RNA Methylation. Robles AI, Rodriguez-Puebla ML, Glick AB, Trempus C, Hansen L, Sicinski P, Tennant RW, Weinberg RA, Yuspa SH and Conti CJ . In this context, it is important that NF-κB is a key antiapoptotic factor (Barkett and Gilmore, 1999), and activation of ras in combination with NF-κB blockage resulted in an increased level of apoptosis in certain cells (Mayo et al., 1997, 2001; Nalca et al., 1999).