airbus a320

Relative to other Airbus A320 family variants, the A318 has sold in only small numbers with total orders for only 80 aircraft placed as of 31 October 2015[update]. The Airbus A320 is a two-engined short- to medium-range narrowbody airliner with a capacity of maximum 180 Passengers produced by the European manufacturer Airbus S.A.S..The A320 was the first model of the A320-singe-aisle-family. Tyrolean Jet Services Mfg. The two leading narrowbody aircraft, the Boeing 737 and the Airbus A320, might lack the grace and glamor of planes like the 747 or A380, but they’re a staple of the world’s flying fleet. In October 2019, it surpassed the Boeing 737 to become the highest-selling airliner. [11] Airbus considered a fuselage diameter of "the Boeing 707 and 727, or do something better" and settled on a wider cross-section with a 3.7 m (12 ft 2 in) internal width, compared to Boeing's 3.45 m (11 ft 4 in). [18]:49 One of the most significant orders was when Northwest Airlines placed an order for 100 A320s in October 1986, later confirmed at the 1990 Farnborough Airshow, powered by CFM56 engines.[18]:49–50. Range with 150 passengers and reserves with CFM56s 4843km (2615nm), or 5639km (3045nm), or 5278km (2850nm); with V2500s 4874km (2632nm) or optionally 5463km (2950nm) or 5676km (3065nm). The 150 seat A320 is the foundation and best selling member of the family. The Airbus factory in Tianjin, China assembles A319s, A320s, and A321s; A320s and A321s are also assembled at the Airbus Americas factory in Mobile, Alabama. From the moment of formation, Airbus had begun studies into derivatives of the Airbus A300B in support of this long-term goal. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no European aircraft giant Airbus said Friday it will maintain production of its workhorse A320 plane at 40 per month to mid-2021 when it expects the aviation industry to have recovered from the coronavirus pandemic. [57], In 2007, Airbus introduced a new enhanced, quieter cabin with better luggage storage and a more modern look and feel, and a new galley reducing weight, increasing revenue space and improving ergonomics and design for food hygiene and recycling. Type. [55] The winglets increase efficiency by decreasing lift-induced drag. The Germans requested an increased work-share of 40%, while the British wanted the major responsibilities to be swapped around to give partners production and research and development experience. The first member of the family was followed by the longer A321 (first delivered in January 1994), the shorter A319 (April 1996), and the even shorter A318 (July 2003). The A320neo (neo for new engine option) is a development launched on 1 December 2010, it made its first flight on 25 September 2014 and it was introduced by Lufthansa on 25 January 2016. When Airbus designed the Airbus A300 during the late 1960s and early 1970s, it envisaged a broad family of airliners with which to compete against Boeing and Douglas, two established US aerospace manufacturers. [18]:50 The first A320 was delivered to Air France on 28 March 1988. The original family is renamed A320ceo, for current engine option. [28] A total of 4,512 of the A320ceo model have been delivered, with 220 remaining on order as of 30 September 2017. Short to medium range airliner. [11][25] Its launch came on 24 November 1988 after commitments for 183 aircraft from 10 customers were secured. [27] A total of 1,562 of the A321ceo model have been delivered, with 231 remaining on order as of 30 September 2017.[3]. [11], Simultaneously, Airbus was developing Airbus A318. Final assembly takes place in Toulouse in France; Hamburg in Germany; Tianjin in China since 2009; and in Mobile, Alabama in the United States since April 2016. Its wing sweep is 25 degrees. [112], Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era, For the Airbus A320neo or New Engine Option variants, see, Final assembly in France (Toulouse), Germany (Hamburg), China (Tianjin), and the United States (Mobile, Alabama), At 30 September 2017, Airbus still list American Airlines and US Airways as separate operators. Compared to other airliners of the same class, the A320 features a wider single-aisle cabin of 3.95 metres (156 in) outside diameter,[28] compared to 3.8 m (148 in) of the Boeing 737 or 757, and larger overhead bins. [20] Cyprus Airways became the first to place order for V2500-powered A320s in November 1984, followed by Pan Am with 16 firm orders and 34 options in January 1985, then Inex Adria. Lufthansa and Alitalia were the first to order the stretched Airbuses, with 20 and 40 aircraft requested, respectively. Powered by two CFM International CFM56-5s or IAE V2500s with thrust ratings of 98–120 kN (22,000–27,000 lbf), its typical range with 150 passengers is 3,300 nmi / 6,100 km. At this pace, it could amount to 63% of combined deliveries from both plane makers … Perhaps, analysts say", "Airbus delivers 500th China-built A320 to China Southern", "Pictures: Airbus aims to thwart Boeing's narrowbody plans with upgraded 'A320 Enhanced, "Skybus Becomes First North American Operator of Advanced CFM56-5B Tech insertion Engine", "A320 completes first IAE V2500 SelectOne", "Projects and Results : Aircraft wing advanced technology operations", "Airbus rethinks plan to put winglets on A320", "Airbus undertakes Blended-Winglet evaluation on A320", "Dubai 09: A320s sharklets to deliver 3.5% lower fuel burn from 2012", "Airbus says wingtip change to save fuel", "Korean Air Aerospace to manufacture and distribute Sharklets", "Airbus lawsuit details sharklet patent abuse", "AirAsia becomes first operator of Airbus' Sharklet equipped A320", "Airbus drives cabin efficiency at Aircraft Interiors Expo", "Condor launch the A320 Enhanced Cabin Retrofit programme", "Carbon Offset Calculators for Air Travel", "Product Focus: Cockpit Displays: LCDs vs. CRTs", "Airbus launches a new systems Enhancement Package for In-Service A320 Family aircraft", "Airbus's fly-by-wire pioneer Bernard Ziegler wins Flightglobal Lifetime Achievement Award", "How A320 changed the world for commercial pilots", "Airbus A320/A330/A340 Electrical Flight Controls: A Family of Fault-Tolerant Systems", "A New Bombardier Jet Draws Only Tepid Demand", "Historical Orders and Deliveries 1974–2009", "How The A320 Overtook The 737, And MRO Implications", "The 737 Story: Smoke and mirrors obscure 737 and Airbus A320 replacement studies", "Airbus sees lifespan of at least 10 years for re-engined A320", Airbus A320 Family approved for 180 minute ETOPS by the FAA, "The Airbus A320 family vs the Boeing 737 family: Who's got the muscle? For most of us, a trip on an A320 or 737 happens far more often than a widebody flight, so love them or hate them, these are our bread and butter planes. "[69], Early A320s used the Intel 80186 and Motorola 68010. "We have asked our suppliers to manage their capacity so as to support a production rate of 47 aircraft per month and to prepare for an eventual recovery in the market" next summer, a company spokesman said. [64] Its tail assembly is made almost entirely of such composites by CASA, who also builds the elevators, main landing gear doors, and rear fuselage parts.[11]. [19] In October 1983, British Caledonian placed seven firm orders, bringing total orders to more than 80. Following a merger, "ACJ Analysis" Business & Commercial Aviation Magazine – July 2002, Page 44, impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation, Competition between Airbus and Boeing § Airbus A320 vs Boeing 737, Escadron de Transport, d'Entraînement et de Calibration, List of Airbus A320neo family orders and deliveries, List of accidents and incidents involving the Airbus A320 family, Pakistan International Airlines Flight 8303, "US Airways' final flight closes curtain on another major airline", "A320 has repaid faith of Airbus – and governments", "La transformation des modes d'action de l'État à travers l'histoire du programme Airbus", "AIRBUS AIRCRAFT 2018 AVERAGE LIST PRICES* (USD millions)", "A320 launch and first delivery of A300-600", "Air France: launch customer of the A320", "More than 80 orders for the planned A320", "How Is An Aircraft Built > Final Assembly And Tests", "Tianjin becomes eastern cousin of Toulouse", "Airbus inaugurates Hamburg's fourth A320 Family production line", "Airbus A320, A220 Evolution Considered As Mobile Expands", "Airbus inaugurates new A320 structure assembly line in Hamburg", "A320 family embarks on approach to 10,000 deliveries", "More aircraft production rate cuts coming? These include the main displays and the backup artificial horizon, which was previously an analog display. [10][11] It was abandoned after intruding on A310 specifications. [49], In 2006, Airbus tested three styles of winglet intended to counteract the wing's induced drag and wingtip vortices more effectively than the previous wingtip fence. [11] To maintain performance, double-slotted flaps were included, in addition to increasing the wing area by 4 m2 (43 sq ft), to 128 m2 (1,380 sq ft). [70] In 1988, the flight management computer contained six Intel 80286 CPUs, running in three logical pairs, with 2.5 megabytes of memory. It is powered by the same engine types as the A320. It is part of the Airbus A320 family, the world’s best selling aircraft line. It includes a full glass cockpit rather than the hybrid versions found in previous airliners. A Checks are every 750 flight hours and structural inspections are at six- and 12-year intervals. Standard max takeoff for both versions 73,500kg (162,040lb) or optionally 75,500kg (166,445lb) or 77,000kg (169,755lb). [29] They compete with the 737, 757, and 717. The 129 order book for the A318 shrunk to 80 largely because of switches to other A320 family members. [99], As of October 2020[update], there were 9,053 A320 family aircraft in commercial service with over 330 operators. [54] The 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) tall devices are manufactured by Korean Air Aerospace Division. Since 2003, the A320 features liquid crystal display (LCD) units in its flight deck instead of the original cathode ray tube (CRT) displays. This document is subject to copyright. The Airbus A320 family are narrow-body airliners designed and produced by Airbus. The name "Airbus" at the time referred to a BEA requirement, rather than to the later international programme. [10] Although heavier, this allowed to compete more effectively with the 737. All 1,499 delivered A320neo family aircraft were in service, while 519 A320ceo family aircraft consisting of 17 A318, 76 A319, 386 A320 and 40 A321 were out of service through retirement or write-off. The A320 is 37.6 m (123 ft) long and can accommodate 150 to 186 passengers. A 150-seat A320 burns 11,608 kg (25,591 lb) of jet fuel over 3,984 km (2,151 nmi) (between Los Angeles and New York City), or 2.43 L/100 km (97 mpg‑US) per seat with a 0.8 kg/L fuel. [16] They would measure 36.04 and 39.24 m (118 ft 3 in and 128 ft 9 in), respectively. Airbus' lawsuit seeks to reject responsibility to pay royalties to Aviation Partners for using its designs, despite work performed together with both parties to develop advanced winglets for the A320neo. The 124-156 seats A319 is 33.8 m (111 ft) long. The A319 was developed at the request of Steven F. Udvar-Házy, the former president and CEO of ILFC. It was rolled out on 24 August 1995, with the maiden flight the following day. The initial converted aircraft first flew on 22 January 2020, to be delivered to Vallair, and it secured EASA supplementary type certificate in February. CNN's Miguel Marquez explores the details of the type of Airbus plane now missing in Indonesia. For Roger Béteille, then Airbus president, introducing fly-by-wire with flight envelope protection was one of the most difficult decisions he had ever made, explaining: "Either we were going to be first with new technologies or we could not expect to be in the market. A320-200 - Operating empty with V2500s 42,220kg (93,079lb); with CFM56s 42,175kg (92,980lb). Perhaps the most important contributor to Airbus Industrie's success as an airliner manufacturer, the four member A320 family is a significant sales success and a technological trailblazer. The 107-seater was launched on 26 April 1999 with the options and orders count at 109 aircraft. Flightcrew of two. The initial production version was the A320-100, which was built in only small numbers before being replaced by the definitive A320-200 (certificated in November 1988) with increased max takeoff weight, greater range and winglets. However, on 3 June 2011, Airbus announced all partners would end the passenger to freighter programme, citing high demand for used airframes for passenger service. [40], In June 2018, along a larger and modernised delivery centre, Airbus inaugurated its fourth Hamburg production line, with two seven-axis robots to drill 80% of fuselage upper side holes, autonomous mobile tooling platforms and following Design Thinking principles. [10][15] However, works proceeded, and the German carrier would eventually order the twinjet. [27] The maiden flight of the first of two prototypes came on 11 March 1993. [31] Minor software changes were made to accommodate the different handling characteristics; otherwise the aircraft is largely unchanged. The Airbus A320 family consists of short- to medium-range, narrow-body, commercial passenger jet airliners manufactured by Airbus. As of early 2003, firm orders for the A320 stood at 1397 with 1131 delivered. Apart from a small weight saving, the advantage of Airbus' fly-by-wire is that as it is computer controlled, an inbuilt flight envelope protection makes it virtually impossible to exceed certain flight parameters such as G limits and the aircraft's maximum and minimum operating speeds and angle of attack limits. Airbus claimed the 737-300 burns 35% more fuel and has a 16% higher operating cost per seat than the V2500-powered A320. [77], By September 2018, there were 7,251 A320 family ceo aircraft in service versus 6,757 737NGs, while Airbus expected to deliver 3,174 A320neos compared with 2,999 Boeing 737 MAX through 2022. Airbus has delivered 8,605 A320 family aircraft since their certification/first delivery in early 1988, with another 6,056 on firm order (as of 31 December 2018). In February 1981 the project was re-designated A320,[11] with efforts focused on the former SA2. [22], In the presence of then French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac and the Prince and Princess of Wales, the first A320 was rolled out of the final assembly line on 14 February 1987 and made its maiden flight on 22 February in 3 hours and 23 minutes from Toulouse. [43] Production rates continue to rise, and Airbus aims to reach a production rate of 63 aircraft per month by 2021, which would result in the 10,000th delivery occurring early that year. Airbus sees a market for 1,000 narrowbody conversions over the 2020-2040 period. Click here to sign in with Two engines are offered, the CFM56 and IAE V2500. [11] The single-aisle programme created divisions within Airbus about whether to design a shorter-range twinjet rather than a longer-range quadjet wanted by the West Germans, particularly Lufthansa. The A319CJ competes with other ultralarge-cabin corporate jets such as the Boeing 737-700-based Boeing Business Jet (BBJ) and Embraer Lineage 1000, as well as with large-cabin and ultralong-range Gulfstream G650, Gulfstream G550 and Bombardier's Global 6000. [3] In comparison, Boeing has shipped 10,444 737 series since late 1967, with 8,918[75] of those deliveries since March 1988,[76] and has a further 4,763 on firm order (as of 31 December 2018). The aircraft family can accommodate up to 220 passengers and has a range of 3,100 to 12,000 km (1,700 to 6,500 nmi), depending on model. Thank you for taking your time to send in your valued opinion to Science X editors. [39], As Airbus targets a 60 monthly global production rate by mid-2019, the Tianjin line delivered 51 in 2016 and it could assemble six per month from four as it starts producing A320neos in 2017; 147 Airbus were delivered in 2016 in China, 20% of its production, mostly A320-family, a 47% market share as the country should become the world's largest market ahead of the US before 2027. [8] The aircraft is the smallest product of Airbus's product range, and was developed coincidentally at the same time as the largest commercial aircraft in history, the Airbus A380. [37] Consequently, Pratt & Whitney abandoned the five-stage high-pressure compressor (HPC) for the MTU-designed six-stage HPC. The Airbus Corporate Jets are business jet versions. [67], The A320 retained the dark cockpit (where an indicator is off when its system is running; useful for drawing attention to dysfunctions when an indicator is lit) from the A310, the first widebody designed to be operated without a flight engineer and influenced by Bernard Ziegler, first Airbus CEO Henri Ziegler's son.[68]. The information you enter will appear in your e-mail message and is not retained by Tech Xplore in any form. and Terms of Use. It will be the third A321neo to join the airline’s fleet and serves as a mark of just how popular Airbus’ A320 family of aircraft is. [53] They save US$220,000 and 700 t of CO2 per aircraft per year. The aircraft seats up to 39 passengers, but may be outfitted by the customers into any configuration. A320-200 - Max cruising speed 903km/h (487kt) at 28,000ft, economical cruising speed 840km/h (454kt) at 37,000ft. The A318 carries up to 132 passengers and has a maximum range of 5,700 km (3,100 nmi). It cut that number to 40 a month in April, with total output slashed by about 40 percent across its whole business. The A320 would carry 150 passengers over 5,280 or 3,440 km (2,850 or 1,860 nmi) using fuel from wing fuel tanks only. [65], Airbus offers an avionics upgrade for older A320, the In-Service Enhancement Package, to keep them updated. Main cabin can accommodate a maximum of 179 passengers in a high density layout. The Airbus A320 family are low-wing cantilever monoplanes with a conventional empennage with a single vertical stabilizer and rudder. [85], In 1988, the value of a new A320 was $30 million, reaching $40 million by the end of the 1990s, a 30% increase lower than the inflation, it dipped to $37 million after 2001, then peaked to $47 million in 2008, and stabilised at $40–42 million until the transition to the A320neo.[86]. [11], Delivery of the first A319, to Swissair, took place on 25 April 1996, entering service by month's end. The A320 airframe includes composite materials and aluminium alloys to save weight and reduce the total number of parts to decrease the maintenance costs. The design is a "shrink" with its origins in the 130- to 140-seat SA1, part of the Single-Aisle studies. The Airbus A320 is a short-to-medium range, twin-engine, narrow-bodied airliner.. [30] This came after a dispute between the French, who claimed the move would incur $150 million (€135 million) in unnecessary expenditure associated with the new plant,[11] and the Germans, arguing it would be more productive for Airbus in the long run. As the A320 began operations in 1988, the A321 was launched as its first derivative. To that end, it adopted composite primary structures, centre-of-gravity control using fuel, glass cockpit (EFIS) and a two-crew flight deck. [citation needed], Despite the anticipated efficiency gains and development work, Airbus announced that the new winglets will not be offered to customers, claiming that the weight of the modifications required would negate any aerodynamic benefits. ", "Prices of New A320s Hardly Changed in 20 Years", "Type certificate data sheet No. The 31.4 m (103 ft) long A318 typically accommodates 107 to 132 passengers. A 1998 A319 value was $35 million new, was halved by 2009, and reached scrap levels by 2019.[89]. [35] Range was 5,700 kilometres (3,100 nmi), or 5,950 kilometres (3,210 nmi) with upcoming Sharklets.[35]. Details. History. American Airlines was the largest operator with 425 airplanes. European Joint Aviation Authorities certification was delivered on 26 February 1988. [32] Four propulsion options available on the A319 are the 23,040–24,800 lbf (102.5–110.3 kN) IAE V2500, or the 22,000–27,000 lbf (98–120 kN) CFM56. The primary changes of the -200 over the -100 are wingtip fences and increased fuel capacity for increased range. The A320 program was launched in March 1982, first flight occurred on February 22 1987, while certification was awarded on February 26 1988. [3], The A318 was born out of mid-1990 studies between Aviation Industries of China (AVIC), Singapore Technologies Aerospace, Alenia and Airbus on a 95- to 125-seat aircraft project. Two aircraft were used in the flight test evaluation campaign – the prototype A320, which had been retained by Airbus for testing, and a new build aircraft which was fitted with both types of winglets before it was delivered to JetBlue. The A320 family backlog was still over the 6,000 mark and total orders reached 15,582,[3] whereas cancellations incurred during the Boeing 737 MAX groundings brought total orders for the 737 down to 14,743 of which 10,583 aircraft had been delivered. For the first time, Airbus entered the bond market, through which it raised $480 million (€475 million) to finance development costs. Typical two class seating arrangement for 12 passengers at four abreast and 138 at six abreast. Overall, the company expects the aviation market to recover only between 2023 and 2025, with the industry and tourism among the sectors worst hit by the virus. We do not guarantee individual replies due to extremely high volume of correspondence. Your email address is used only to let the recipient know who sent the email. Airbus sold the A320 well to low-cost startups and offering a choice of engines could make them more attractive to airlines and lessors than the single sourced 737, but CFM engines are extremely reliable. [60] The flight crew controls the cabin through touchscreen displays.[61]. [11] The A319 has proved popular with low-cost airlines such as EasyJet, who has orders for 172, with 172 delivered. Although the members were all of Airbus' partners, they regarded the project as a separate collaboration from Airbus. The A320 was launched in March 1984, first flew on 22 February 1987, and was introduced in April 1988 by Air France. The six-month head-start of the A320neo allowed Airbus to rack up 1,000 orders before Boeing announced the MAX. [88] The A319's launch customer, in fact, was ILFC, which had placed an order for six A319s by 1993. A total of 1,460 of the A319ceo model have been delivered with 24 remaining on order as of 30 September 2017. [34] Range was settled at 5,200 km (2,800 nmi) and 5,800 km (3,100 nmi) for the high gross weights of both variants. [104], By the end of October 2019, the A320 family backlog stood at over 6,000 again, including 78 remaining A320ceos, bringing the total orders to 15,193, surpassing the Boeing 737's total of 15,136 and making the A320 family the world's highest-selling airliner.